ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: Despite of the COVID-19 pathogenesis and severity of the infection still completely unclear, but the human's genetic variation in gene participate in SARS-COV2 infectivity, inflammation and immunity response might have a great association with severity of clinical out-comes of nCoV-2019 disease. This study evaluates the impact of CD14-159 and IL4 genotypes on the severity of SARS-COV2 infection. Materials and method: This research have been done with one hundred individuals from Al-Qadisiyah governorate in Iraq, whom infected with SARA-COV2. The patients have been divided into three subgroups according to severity of clinical symptoms;mild, moderate and severe groups. RFLP-PCR technique has been worked out to specify genes polymorphisms.
ABSTRACT
As our understanding grows, it has been demonstrated that the metabolism of many biomolecules and immune responses can be clearly studied. via delving deeply into the relationship between intracellular NAD levels and immune responses. NAD has been shown to play an important role as a substrate for several NAD-dependent signaling enzymes (both degrading and synthesis enzymes) and has been linked to a variety of diseases, including diabetes and COVID 19. In this study, we looked at the expression of the main NAD-synthesizing enzyme (NAMPT), as well as D-Dimer and C-reactive protein levels in serum. This study included one hundred participants: twenty-five patients with type 2 diabetes who recovered from COVID 19, twenty-five type 2 diabetic patients who were not infected with COVID-19, and twenty-five people who recovered from COVID 19 but were not diabetic compared to twenty-five controls. NAMPT levels were determined using quantitative PCR;C-reactive protein levels as well as D-Dimer were determined using competitive fluorescent immunoassay technology. The results revealed a decrease in the expression levels of NAD-homeostasis enzyme (NAMPT), whileC-reactive protein and D-Dimer levels increased, in addition to the change in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and catalase activity. These findings suggest that low NAD+ levels during infection may be associated with an inflammatory response as well as During infection with COVID 19, diabetes patients had elevated C-reactive protein and D-dimer levels.
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 is a unique viral infectious illness that causes a variety of symptoms and health hazards, particularly to the respiratory system and has been declared a worldwide pandemic. The disease is characterized by a cytokine release in severe conditions. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a proinflammatory cytokine, mediates an important immunomodulatory process. Also, vitamin D was identified to have a role in the innate immunity of individuals. Our study was designed to find the role of IL-6 and vitamin D in COVID-19 patients, as well as, to see whether there is a link between vitamin D deficiency and cytokine syndrome development. The study included 90 COVID-19 patients and 30 control people from Baghdad, Iraq. The age of the participants was non-significantly (P>0.05) different between COVID-19 and control, so was the body mass index. IL-6 level was significantly (P0.05) higher in COVID-19 patients compared to control, while vitamin D level was significantly (P0.05) reduced in COVID-19 patients. Nevertheless, the results have shown no significant correlation between vitamin D and IL-6 in the serum of COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, both IL-6 and vitamin D exhibited an excellent sensitivity in the diagnosis of COVID-19. © 2022 World Research Association. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
This work was performed to examine an idea about full chelation of Iron (Fe) by well-known favipiravir (Fav) as a possible mechanism of action for medication of COVID-19 patients. To this aim, formations of Fe- mediated dimers of Fav were investigated by performing density functional theory (DFT) computations of electronic and structural features for singular and dimer models. The results indicated that the models of dimers were suitable for formation, in which two cis (D1) and trans (D2) models were obtained regarding the configurations of two Fav counterparts towards each other. Energy results indicated that formation of D1 was slightly more favorable than formation of D2. Molecular orbital features affirmed hypothesized interacting sites of Fav for Fe-mediated dimers formations, in which atomic charges and other molecular orbital related representations affirmed such achievements. Moreover, detection of such dimer formation was also possible by monitoring variations of molecular orbitals features. As a consequence, formations of Fe-mediated dimers of Fav could be achievable for possible removal of excess of Fe as a proposed mechanism of action for Fav in medication of COVID-19 patients.